SPRING: Framework for Image Reconstruction in Single-Particle Coherent Diffraction Imaging

Authors

Alessandro Colombo, Mario Sauppe, Andre Al Haddad, Kartik Ayyer, Morsal Babayan, Rebecca Boll, Ritika Dagar, Simon Dold, Thomas Fennel, Linos Hecht, Gregor Knopp, Katharina Kolatzki, Bruno Langbehn, Filipe R.N.C. Maia, Abhishek Mall, Parichita Mazumder, Tommaso Mazza, Yevheniy Ovcharenko, Ihsan Caner Polat, Dirk Raiser, Julian C. Schäfer-Zimmermann, Kirsten Schnorr, Marie L. Schubert, Arezu Sehati, Jonas A. Sellberg, Björn Senfftleben, Zhou Shen, Zhibin Sun, Pamela H.W. Svensson, Paul Tümmler, Sergey Usenko, Carl F. Ussling, Onni Veteläinen, Simon Wächter, Noelle Walsh, Alex V. Weitnauer, Tong You, Maha Zuod, Michael Meyer, Christoph Bostedt, Davide E. Galli, Minna Patanen, Daniela Rupp

Abstract

Coherent Diffraction Imaging (CDI) records only the amplitude of scattered X-rays, losing phase information needed to reconstruct sample density. SPRING applies a Memetic Phase Retrieval approach tailored for XFEL single-shot, single-particle data. Benchmarked on SwissFEL and European XFEL experiments, it demonstrates unprecedented stability against input‐parameter variations and reliably converges where traditional algorithms struggle. An open-source implementation makes SPRING a reference tool for the CDI community at XFEL and synchrotron facilities.